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Ethanol CH3CH2OH or C2H6O CID 702 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities.
Chemistry, as a field, acknowledges three types of alcohol: isopropyl, methyl, and ethyl alcohol. Each of these types of alcohol has distinct properties, so it is important for scientists — and humans in general — to distinguish which type of alcohol is which, if only for safety reasons. Each kind of alcohol also has specific applications in personal and industrial environments. While no form of alcohol is good for humans, per se, the species has a long history of using ethyl alcohol as a recreational drug. Isopropyl alcohol — also called isopropanol or 2-propanol or rubbing alcohol, more commonly — finds use among physicians, who rub the poisonous substance onto surfaces, tools and human bodies for its cooling and disinfecting properties. Produced by combining water and propylene, rubbing alcohol works well for sterilization. Its high evaporation rate makes it a common choice for cleaning electronics, although it is found in everyday cleaning products, as well.
Isopropyl alcohol also is found in cosmetics, including lotions. The chemical formula for this type of alcohol is C3H8O. Often, isopropyl alcohol — along with other more dangerous types of alcohol — products contain bittering agents that dissuade people from drinking it. Methyl Alcohol. Methyl alcohol, also called methanol and wood alcohol, primarily finds use as an industrial solvent.
For example, paint remover and photocopier developers make use of it. People with experience and know-how also use methyl alcohol to make other chemicals. Formaldehyde forms as a byproduct of degrading methanol — some industries use this byproduct to make everything from plastics to explosives.
It also works to fuel internal combustion engines and keep other fuels from freezing, thanks to its high freezing point, -143.68 degrees Fahrenheit. People — mostly adults — consume ethyl alcohol, sometimes called grain alcohol, in beverages. People usually imbibe ethyl alcohol in a diluted concentration — the level of the concentration is known as the proof of the alcoholic beverage — to improve its taste.
Ethyl alcohol is known for its ability to alter mood and behavior. Brewers and distillers usually make it from grains or other pieces of plant matter with high sugar contents. The liver usually is able to filter ethyl alcohol from the human body, but ethyl alcohol still is toxic when consumed faster than the liver can metabolize it. Like methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol also has uses as an industrial solvent and as a fuel additive.
The Brief Profile summarizes the non-confidential data on substances as it is held in the databases of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), including data provided by third parties. The Brief Profile is automatically generated; note that it does not currently distinguish between harmonised classification and minimum classification; information requirements under different legislative frameworks may therefore not be fully up to date or complete. For accuracy reasons, substance manufacturers and imports have the responsibility to consult official sources, e.g. The electronic edition of the Official Journal of the European Union.This Brief Profile is covered by the. Substance descriptionThe ’Substance description’ gives an overview of the main substance identifiers, substance classification, on-going regulatory activities, main uses of the substance and which registrants manufacture and/or import the substance. By summarising this information in a single page, ECHA aims to make this information accessible in a user-friendly way in line with the Agency’s goals and standards.Data from all dossiers registered and the Classifications and Labelling Inventory (C&L) for the same substance are used to generate the Brief Profile. The information provided in the free-text fields is not published in the Brief Profiles.The Brief Profile is automatically generated; information requirements under different legislative frameworks may, therefore, not be up-to-date or complete.
For accuracy reasons, substance manufacturers and importers are responsible for consulting official sources. This Brief Profile is covered by the ECHA Legal Disclaimer.
Generating the Brief ProfilesThe Brief Profile summarises the non-confidential data on substances as it is held in the databases of the European Chemical Agency (ECHA), including data provided by third parties. The Brief Profile is produced based on data in ECHA’s databases and maintained by the Agency, and therefore the Brief Profile as a dissemination tool falls under ECHA’s responsibility.Due to the quantity of information and the number of chemicals, the Brief Profile is automatically generated based on the information available and is not manually verified. For sections such as substance use, chemical properties and the classification and labelling of substances, the quantity and quality of the information is the responsibility of manufacturers and importers. While the Agency tries to aggregate the information on chemicals in the best possible way, ECHA cannot check whether all the information provided by industry is free of errors. UpdatesBrief Profiles are updated regularly and new information is added when available. Since the source data can be updated at any time while the Brief Profiles are updated at intervals, a slight delay in the publication of information may occur.The date of the last update corresponds to the publication date of the Brief Profile and not necessarily to the date in which the update occurred in the source data (registered dossiers, the C&L Inventory or a regulatory process).Furthermore, updates in the source data may not always result in an update of the Brief Profile.
For example, an update in a section of a dossier that is not displayed in the Brief Profile will not result in an update of the Brief Profile. Dealing with Brief Profile errorsIf you have any comments or suggestions, please contact ECHA using our. Scientific propertiesThe ‘Scientific properties’ section gives an overview of summarised scientific data from registered dossiers. By summarising the endpoint study data, ECHA aims to make this information accessible in a user-friendly way in line with the Agency’s goals and standards.All the source data on which the summaries on this page are based, is provided by industry and stored in the ECHA databases. Data from all dossiers registered for the same substance is used in the summarisation and aggregation process, as it is presumed that all data submitted by the registrants is relevant for the substance being registered.
If the test material used is different from the substance being registered an indication will be provided. Please note that the information provided in the free-text fields is not published in the brief profiles.Information in the ‘Scientific properties’ section is structured by substance properties, further broken down into endpoints.
Each endpoint includes three information blocks:. Study results – this information is collected from those endpoint study records provided by registrants of REACH dossiers which are flagged as Key or Weight of Evidence studies, and which have an indicated reliability (i.e. Klimisch score) of 1 or 2. Other types of studies are not processed for the Brief Profiles. Type of study provided – Provides an overview of the type of study records behind the presented results and data–waving justifications (e.g. Key experimental study, Supporting QSAR study, etc.).
Summary data – this information is collected from the endpoint summaries provided by registrants of REACH dossiers.Note: Information presented in this section is generated as part of an automatic process, i.e. There is no manual verification or assessment of the correctness of the data. If no data is available in the registered substance dossiers, this will be indicated by a notification stating ‘Data not provided by the registrant’. Summarisation and prioritisation of dataThere are four methods to aggregate and summarise data, depending on the available data and endpoint.
An icon is displayed to indicate the type of aggregation and summarisation performed:. R Range of values – Range of results values (min-max) and range values of experimental condition(s) (min-max). C Concatenate distinct – Value types are ranked from most to least commonly provided, with a% attributed based on the count of total values provided. M/C Most conservative - Most conservative of all the data values provided, applying a precautionary principle (e.g. The lowest threshold or most hazardous statement). P Prioritisation – The result to be displayed is based on a set of criteria.
For example, for endpoints related to (eco)toxicology four main types of criteria exist to prioritise the display of information: test species, dose descriptor, duration and measurement units. For Toxicology endpoint summaries two other criteria can be applied: Test type (Chronic, subchronic and subacute) and endpoint conclusion.The precise data summarisation methods are specified per endpoint summary/study.When more than one numerical result is available per endpoint the count is displayed between square brackets.Units and data are normalised when possible and therefore the unit of measure/order of magnitude in the Brief Profile data may not correspond exactly to the one in the registered dossier. For temperature for example, data is standardised and displayed in Celsius (°C). For other data an order of magnitude logic might apply; e.g. 1 000 g will be displayed as 1 kg. Processed studies and data-waivingDue to the number of the substances and the associated information, substance data is processed and aggregated in an automatic process.
Therefore, data has to fit the format and aggregation logic that is used for the Brief Profile.Though the Agency aims to include as many studies as possible in the Brief Profile endpoint study results/summaries, those studies which do not fit the format or miss crucial information (such as measurement conditions) cannot be processed and therefore will not be included on this page. These study results can however be consulted when opening the source data.The number of studies provided is indicated by ‘x studies submitted’, while the actual number of studies processed for the endpoint is indicated by ‘x studies processed’. Data waivingIf only waived data is available for the substance, following justifications for data-waiving can be displayed in the Brief Profile:. Study technically not feasible.
Study scientifically unjustified. Exposure considerations. Other justificationExcluded endpointsSome endpoints are not included in the Brief Profile due to the use of free text and/or complex field(s) in the reporting of information, which cannot be easily summarised by an automatic algorithm.
HelpThe ’Substance identity’ section links substance identification information from all databases that are maintained by ECHA. The substance identifiers – if available and not claimed confidential – displayed in the ’Substance identity’ section of the Brief Profile are:. EC name/number. IUPAC name/number.
CAS number. Index number. Molecular formula. Smiles. InChIIn addition, information on the type of substance, origin, number and type of registered compositions and other places where the substance is listed are displayed in this section.
EC (European Community) name/numberThe EC name and number are the official identifiers for substances within the European Union and can be found in the EC Inventory.The EC Inventory is a combination of three independent European lists of substances from the previous EU chemicals regulatory frameworks (EINECS, ELINCS and the NLP-list). More information about the EC Inventory can be found. If the substance has no EC number attributed, ECHA will attribute a list number. These numbers start with 6, 7, 8 or 9. IUPAC name/numberAn IUPAC name is based on the international standard chemical nomenclature set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).The IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming chemical substances, both organic and inorganic. In IUPAC nomenclature, prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of functional groups in the substance.If more than one IUPAC name is available from REACH registered dossiers, all IUPAC names are displayed in ‘Other names’ section of the Brief Profile.See the official for more information on the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry numberThe CAS number is the substance numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstract Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, to substances registered in the CAS registry database.
A substance may have more than one CAS number associated. In this case, the preferred CAS number is displayed first. More about CAS and the CAS registry can be found. Index numberThe Index number is the identification code given to substances in Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP ((EC) No 1272/2008). A distinct classification and labelling corresponds to each Index number.The Index number for each substance is in the form of a digit sequence of the type ABC-RST-VW-Y.
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ABC corresponds to the atomic number of the most characteristic element or the most characteristic organic group in the molecule. RST is the consecutive number of the substance in the series ABC.
VW denotes the form in which the substance is produced or placed on the market. Y is the check-digit calculated in accordance with the 10-digit ISBN method. Molecular formulaThe molecular formula identifies each type of element by its chemical symbol and identifies the number of atoms of each element found in one discrete molecule of the substance. If such information is available in ECHA’s database and is it not claimed confidential, the molecular formula and molecular structure will be displayed here. SMILESSMILES is the acronym for Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification, a chemical notation system used to represent a molecular structure by a linear string of symbols.With standard SMILES, the name of a molecule is synonymous with its structure: it indirectly shows a two dimensional picture of the molecular structure.
Since a two dimensional chemical structure can be drawn in various ways, there are several correct SMILES notations for one molecule.The basis of SMILES is the representation of a valence model of a molecule. SMILES notations are comprised of atoms (designated by elemental symbols), bonds, parentheses (used to show branching), and numbers (used for cyclic structures). InChIInChI is an abbreviated name for IUPAC International Chemical Identifier, a chemical identifier developed and supported by the.InChIs consist of text strings comprising different layers and sublayers of information separated by slashes (/). Each InChI string starts with the InChI version number followed by the main layer. This main layer contains sublayers for the chemical formula, atom connections and hydrogen atoms. Depending on the structure of the molecule the main layer may be followed by additional layers e.g.
For charge, stereo–chemical and/or isotopic information. Molecular structureMolecular structure displayed in this section is based on InChI annotation from database and stored in the ECHA database. The structure is a computer generated visualisation of the molecular structure derived from the InChI character string. Type of substanceRegistrants can identify their substance as being a mono-constituent substance, multi-constituent substance, UVCB, polymer or specify another type. If more than one type of substance is registered, both types will be displayed. OriginRegistrants can identify the origin of their substance as being:. Element.
Inorganic. Organic.
Organometallic. Petroleum product.
OtherIf more than one type of substance is registered, both types will be displayed. Registered compositions (additives and impurities)The total number of non-confidential registered compositions submitted in REACH dossiers are displayed here. If there are additives and impurities relevant for the substance classification, these are also indicated.Within the context of REACH, impurities are unintended constituents present in a substance as manufactured. It may, for example, originate from the starting materials or be the result of secondary or incomplete reactions during the production process. While it is present in the final substance, it was not intentionally added.
Download metal slug for pc. In most cases, impurities constitute less than 10% of the substance.Additives are the constituents which have been intentionally added during the manufacturing process to stabilise the substance. Substance listedProvides information if the substance has been identified by one of the following previous EU chemicals regulatory frameworks:. EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) List.
ELINCS (European LIst of Notified Chemical Substances) List. NLP (No-Longer Polymers) List. Hazard classification and labellingThe ‘Hazard classification and labelling’ section shows the hazards of a substance through a standardised system of statements and pictograms, as has been established under (Classification Labelling and Packaging) Regulation. The CLP Regulation makes sure that the hazards presented by chemicals are clearly communicated to workers and consumers in the European Union. The CLP Regulation uses the and European Union Specific Hazard Statements (EUH).This section searches three sources for information (harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), REACH registrations and CLP notifications). The source of the information is mentioned in the introductory sentence of the hazard statement.More information about classification and labelling can be found in the of ECHA website.
Please note:The purpose of the information provided under this section is to highlight in a readable format the substance hazardousness. It does not represent a new labelling, classification or hazard statement. Galaxy online 2 cheats. Other relevant information includes the following:. Substances may have impurities and additives that lead to different classifications. However, substance notifications in the Brief Profile are aggregated independently of the impurities and additives. Hazard statements were adapted to improve readability and may not correspond textually to the hazard statements codes description in the European Union Specific Hazard Statements (EUH) or.To see the full list of notified classifications and have more information on impurities and additives relevant to classification, you can consult the. Harmonised classification and labelling (CLH)The Hazard classification and labelling section uses the, pictogram(s) and hazard statements of the substance under the harmonised classification and labelling (CLH) as its primary source of information.
Substance classifications under CLH are agreed at the Community level. Harmonisation is based on the substance’s physical, toxicological and eco-toxicological hazard assessment.It is possible that the harmonisation is introduced through an amendment to the CLP Regulation. In that case, the ATP (Adaptation to Technical Progress) number is displayed. More information on CLH can be found.If the substance is classified under more than one CLH entry (e.g.
Disodium tetraborate EC no. 215–540–4, is covered by three harmonisations – 005–011–00–4; 005–011–01–1; 005–011–02–9), CLH information cannot be displayed in the Brief Profile as the differences between the CLH classifications require manual verification.
If a substance is classified under multiple CLHs, a link to the C&L Inventory is provided to allow users to view CLH information manually, instead of having the information automatically generated in the Brief Profile. Classification and labelling under REACHAdditional information on classification and labelling (C&L) – if available – is derived from registration submitted by industry. This information has not been reviewed or verified by ECHA, and may change without prior notice. REACH registration dossiers have greater data requirements (support studies) than notifications under CLP. When submitted by the lead of a joint submission, the classifications may also reveal agreement between companies.
Notifications under the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) RegulationIf additional information derived from classification and labelling (C&L) notifications to ECHA under the CLP Regulation exists, this will be displayed below the information derived from harmonised classification and labelling and REACH registrations. These notifications can be provided by manufacturers, importers and downstream users. ECHA maintains the, but does not review or verify the accuracy of the information.For readability purposes, only the pictograms, signal words and hazard statements referred to in more than 5% of the notifications under CLP are displayed. Hazard classification & labelling graphThe chart displays the number of matching substance classifications (hazard class, categories and hazard statements) provided by manufacturers and importers under REACH and CLP notifications, as well as whether the substance is defined under harmonised classification and labelling (CLH).The results of matching substance classifications are displayed in percentages of the total number of notifications. The bars indicate the number of matching classifications, i.e. Properties of concernThe ‘Properties of concern’ section shows ECHA-assigned graphical indicators for certain substance properties that are regarded as critical for human health and/or the environment based on the information provided to the Agency.
The following properties have been highlighted as critical:. C – This substance was identified as a carcinogenic (i.e. Classified in Carcinogenicity categories 1A or 1B) in the EU harmonised classification and labelling and/or in a REACH registration dossier.
More information about carcinogenicity. M – This substance was identified as Mutagenic (i.e. Classified in Mutagenicity categories 1A or 1B) in the EU harmonised classification and labelling and/or by a REACH registration dossier. More information about mutagenicity.
R – This substance was identified as toxic to reproduction (i.e. Classified in reproductive toxicity categories 1A or 1B) in the EU harmonised classification and labelling and/or by a REACH registration dossier. More information about reproductive toxicity.
Ss – This substance was identified as a skin sensitiser (i.e. Classified in skin sensitisation categories 1, 1A or 1B) in the EU harmonised classification and labelling and/or by a REACH registration dossier. More information about skin sensitiser. Sr – This substance was identified as a respiratory sensitiser (i.e. Classified in respiratory sensitisation categories 1, 1A or 1B) in the EU harmonised classification and labelling and/or by a REACH registration dossier. More information about respiratory sensitiser.
PBT – This substance was identified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) by at least one REACH registrant (i.e. It is PBT/vPvB). More information about persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances.The substance properties displayed in this section (with the exception of PBT properties) are derived from harmonised classification and labelling (CLH) and/or REACH information. In case the substance classification is not harmonised and the substance is not registered the properties are derived from classifications provided in CLP notifications. Regulatory activitiesThe ‘Regulatory activities’ section provides an overview of the regulatory activities that are related to the substance. For general information about any of the different regulations which currently fall under ECHA’s mandate please see the links below.Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals The REACH Regulation (1907/2006) entered into force on 1 June 2007. The regulation aims improve the protection of human health and the environment from the risks that can be posed by chemicals, while enhancing the competitiveness of the EU chemical industry.The REACH regulatory processes identified for the Brief Profile are:.
Registration. Pre-registration – indicated if the substance is included in the list of pre-registered substances.
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